Machine for grinding die-making driving-punches, reamers, &amp;c.



No. 800,443.. PATENTED SEPT. 26, 1905. J. A. HORTON. MACHINE FOR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMERS, &c. APPLICATION FILED 00T. 28, 1904.

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PATENTED SEPT. 26, 1905.

. J. AI HORTON. MACHINE POR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMERS, &o.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 28, 1904.

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No. 800,443. PATENTBD SEPT. 26, 1905. J. A. HORTON.

MACHINE POR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMBRS, &c. APPLIoATIoN FILED 00T. 2a. 1904.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

010.800,443. PATENTED sBPT.z0,1905. Y J.v A. HORTON.

MACHINE POR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PU'NCHES, RBAMERS, 6m.

APPLIOATIQN HLED 00T. 2s, 1904. 9 sums-suur 4.

PATENTBD SEPT. 26, 1905.

J. A. HOR'ION.

MACHINE FOR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMERS, &o.

APPLIUATION FILED OCT. 28, 1904.

9 SHEETS- SHEET 5.

No. 800,443. PATENTBD SEPT. 26, 1905. J. A. HORTON.

MACHINE FOR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMERS, &0. APPLIOATION FILED 00T. 28, 1904.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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PATENTED SEPT. Z6, 1905.

J. A. HORTGN. MACHINE FOR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, REAMERS, &c.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 28, 1904.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

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No. 800,443. lIPATIINTND SEPT. 20, 1005. J. A. HoRToN. MACHINE POR @BINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNCHES, REM/INRS, 00.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 28, 1904.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

No. 800,443. PATBNTBD SEPT. 20, 1005. J. A. H0BT0N.

MACHINE I'OR GRINDING DIE MAKING DRIVING PUNGHES, RBAMERS, 6m. APPLICATION FILED 00T. 28, 1004.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

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JAMES A. HORTON, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO IROQUOIS MACHINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK,

RATION OF NEV YORK.

N. Y., A CORPO- MACHlNE FOR GRINDING DIE-MAKING DRIVING-PUNCHES, REAMERS, &c.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 26, 1905.

Application led October 28, 1904:. Serial No. 230,374.

To a/ZZ whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that l, JAMES A. HoR'roN, of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Grinding Die Making Driving Punches, Reamers, &c., of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates -to the operation of repairing or re-forming the throat or formingorifice of a wire-drawing die after the same has become worn so that it is incapable of imparting the predetermined reduction and form to the wire drawn through it.

It is well known that in the operation of drawing wire the wire under treatment is passed successively through a series of steel dies each havinga tapering orifice, the smaller portion of which determines the reduction imparted to the wire by that die. The frictional contact between the wire and the wall of the forming orifice or throat is so great as to cause more or less rapid wear and enlargement of the orifice, so that it is necessary after each coil has been drawn to repair or reform the die in such manner as to reduce its orifice to a predetermined size and shape. It is the common practice in re-forming these dies to lirst introduce into the die-orice a reamer having a tapered end portion, which is angular in cross-section and has sides or faces which meet to form cutting edges or angles. which converge toward each other from the shank to the point of the reamer. T he workman inserts the reamer in the dieorifice by hand and rotates it, at the same time applying' sufcient pressure to cause the angles of the reamer to scrape from the wall of the die-orifice any grit and dirt that may have accumulated thereon. The reamer should be of the same taper as the die-orifice, so that it will accurately fit the said orilice and clean the same without removing any of the metal of the die. After the die has been cleaned by the reamer its face, at the smaller end of the die-orifice, is hammered to' compact the metal around the orifice and reduce the size of the latter. The reduction thus effected is such that the die-orifice is now too small for use, and, moreover, it is not symmetrical, but is more or less distorted or irregular, owing to the change of form caused by the hammering operation. The die-orice is next swaged to give it the exact size and taper required, this operation being performed by introducing a tapered swaging tool or driving-punch, as it is termed by die-makers,into the die-orifice. The said driving-punch has a tapered end portion, which should have the exact shape which it is desired that the die-orifice shall possess. The driving-punch is presented percussively to the wall of the die-orifice and enlarges the same to the exact predetermined extent required, at the same time smoothly finishing or burnishing the wall of the orifice. It is of great importance that the reamer and punch employed be of the exact predetermined shape required and that each loe adapted to exactly tit a die-orifice of the standard or predetermined size-that is to say, the angles of the reamer should be formed to bear along their entire length on the wall of the dieorifice and the entire conical-acting portion of the driving-punch should closely tit said oriiice. Unless the reamer and punch have this important accuracy of form the exact predetermined or required form of the die-orifice cannot be obtained. Any deviation, however slight, from the standard form and size of a die-orifice is very objectionable for numerous reasons, which need not be here recited, these being well known to those skilled in the art. Herctofore reamer-s and driving-punches of this character have been ground by hand, the workman presenting the tool or'tool-blank to a grindstone and depending upon his own skill and judgment to give the tool the desired taper and form. Itis impossible, however, for a die-maker however skilful to produce reamers and punches which shall be exact duplicates of each other, and much time is lost and much expense involved owing to this fact.

My invention has for its object to provide means for accurately and infallibly forming reamers and driving-punches and insuring an exact duplicate in each of a plurality of tools produced of all the other tools.

My invention, which practically eliminates the element of skill in the production of reamers and driving-punches, consists in the several improvements which l will now proceed to describe and claim.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecication, Figure l represents IOO a plan view of a machine enibodying my invention. Fig'. 2 represents an enlargcmentof a portion of Fig'. 1. Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig'. 4 represents a section on line 4 4 of Fig'. 1. Fig. 5 represents a front elevation. Fig. 6 represents a front elevation of a portion of the machine. Fig. 7 represents a sectional View of the portion shown in Fig. 6. Fig'. 3 represents an end elevation. Fig'. 9 represents a section on line 9 9 of Fig'. 1. Fig'. 10 represents a rear elevation of a portion of the machine. Fig'. 11 represents asection on line 11 11 of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 represents a section on line 12 12 of Fig. 1. Fig. 13 represents a section on line 13 13 of Fig. 1. Fig'. 14 represents a section on line 14 14 of Fig'. 13. Fig. 15 represents a section on line 15 15 of Fig. 13. Fig. 16 represents a section on line 16 16 of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 represents a perspective view of the work-rest. Fig'. 18 represents an end View of the work-rest. Fig'. 19 rem'esents a section on line 19 19 of Fig. 1. Fig. 2O represents a View similar to Fig. 19, showinga different position of the main slide. Fig. 21 represents a section online 21 21 of Fig'. 1. Fig'. 22 represents a section on line 22 22 of Fig. 21. Fig. 23 represents a section on line 23 23 of Fig'. 5. Figs. 24 and 25 represent sections on line 24 24, Fig. 21. Fig'. 26 represents a plan View of a portion of the machine, partly in horizontal section. Figs. 27 and 28 represent plan views showing' portions of Fig'. 26, parts being in different positions. Figs. 29, 39, 31, and 32 represent in side and sectional views a reamer and a drivingpunch. Fig'. 33 represents a View illustrating' a series of steps of the grinding operation. Fig. 34 represents a front elevation of a portion of the machine, showing a modification. Fig. 35 represents an end elevation of the modified machine shown in Fig. 34. Fig'. 36 represents a section on line 36 36 of Fig'. 34.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

In the drawings, 2 represents a circular rotary grinding-wheel, which is affixed to a shaft 3, journalcd in bearing's 4 4 on a slide 5, which is movable in a direction at right angles to the axis of the shaft 3. The slide 5 is engaged with guides 6 6, Fig'. 19, on a slide 7, which is movable in a direction parallel with the axis of the shaft 3 and is engaged with guides 3 3, Fig'. 3, on the fixed base or standard 9 of the machine. The slides 5 and 7 conjointly impart to the grinding-wheel movements toward and from the work-supporting means, hereinafter described, to present the wheel to and withdraw it from the work and movements in the direction required to first cause a progressive action of the wheel on the work in forming a tapered end portion thereon and then a return movement of the wheel to its starting' position.

The slide 7 is reciprocated by a cam 10 Figs. 19 and 20, affixed to a shaft 21., journalcd in fixed bearings and engaging' a trundleroll 22, mounted on a stud affixed to the slide 7. Said cam is rotated by a driving-pulley 23, connected by a belt (not shown) with a driving-shaft, a tubular shaft 24, to which said pulley is affixed, a gear 25, affixed to the shaft 24, a gear 26, affixed to the huh of a gear 27, which is mounted loosely on the shaft 21, a gear 28, aflixed to the hub of a gear 29, mounted loosely on a fixed stud 39, and a g'ear 31, formed on or aflixed to the cam 10. The several gears 25, 26, 27, 23, 29, and 30 provide means for imparting a relatively slow rotation from the pulley 23 tothe cam 10.

The slide 5 is yieldingly pressed forward to project the grinding-wheel from one edge of the slide 7 toward the work by a spring 32, Figs. 1 and 12, the said spring acting through a contact-piece 33, adjustably secured to the slide 7 and held by the spring' during the grinding operation'iagainst a pattern or former 34, as shown in Fig'. 26. Said former has a guiding' edge 35, which is oblique to the path of movement of the slide 7 and is preferably slightly curved, so that the result of the movement of the slide 7 in the direction indicated and of the movement of the slide 5 by the spring' 32 is an edgewise movement of the grinding-wheel in a path which is oblique to the movement of the slide 7 and is slightly curved, this movement of the grinding-wheel causing the formation of a tapered and longitudinally-concave end portion 36 on the work, which may be either a reamer 37, Figs. 29 and 30, or a driving or swaging punch 38, Figs. 31 and 32, held by the work-holding' means hereinafter described. It should be here observed that the reamer 37 has a square crosssection, so that its tapered end portion has four faces, forming' four cutting roaming angles, while the driving-punch 38 has a circular cross-section, so that its tapered end portion is substantially conical. Provision is made, as hereinafter described, for rotating the reamer-blank step by step during' the grinding operation in such manner as to cause the formation by the grinding-wheel of a tapered end portion having four oblique faces, provision being also made for continuously rotating the driving-punch blank during the grinding operation to cause the formation by the grinding-wheel of a substantially conical tapered end portion.

The Work-holding means will now be described.

39 represents a chuck, which is preferablya head or enlargement formed on a rotary shaft 40, said chuck having' a socket in which the shank of a reamer or a driving-punch may be secured by suitable means, such as a set-screw 41, Fig'. 6. The shaft 40 is journaled in bearings 42 43, mounted on a slide 44, Figs. 1 and 7, which is moved progressivelystep by step, by means hereinafter described, in the direc- IOO IlO

tion indicated by the arrow in Fig. l to hold the blank in a series of positions for the action of the grinding-wheel.

45 represents a work-rest having a bottom face 46 and a back face 47, Fig. 17, which conform, respectively, to the back and lower sides of the tapered end portion 36 of the work. The term back side designates the side opposite that in contact with the grinder. The said work-rest is located in close proximity to the chuck 39 and is so arranged relatively to the latter that its two faces will bear simultaneously on the tapered portion of a reamer or a driving-punch projecting from the chuck. The relative arrangement of the chuck, the work-rest, and the grinder is such that when the grinder is acting on the work the latter is supported by the rest-faces 46 and 47 against displacement in any direction by the pressure of the grinder against it. The work-rest is therefore an important part of the machine, because it rigidly supports the work and prevents it from yielding to the pressure of the grinder. Itis evident that even a slight yielding or springing ofthe work under the pressure of the grinder would affect or alter the form imparted to the work by the grinder, so that the exactness or accuracy of the grinding operation would be impaired. This difficulty is entirely prevented by the work-rest, and the formation of a tapered end portion in exact conformity to the guiding edge 35 of the former is insured.

The. slide 44 is normally moved away from the work-rest, or opposite the direction of the arrow in Fig. l, by a spring 49, Fig. 7, which presses a stud 50, aflixed to said slide, against a cam 5l, Fig. l, aflixed to a vertical shaft 52. Said shaft and cam are rotated step by step to cause the described progressive forward movement of the slide 44 and chuck 39 by means of a ratchet 53, aflixed to the shaft 52, a lever 54, mounted to oscillate on said shaft, and a pawl 55, pivoted to said lever and adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet 53.

56 represents a projection mounted on the slide 7, said projection being one of a plurality of projections radiating from a rotary hub and adjustable to make each projection alternately operative and inoperative when the machine is A used for grinding reamers, as hereinafter described. The outer end of the lever 54 is held by a spring 57 in the path of the projection 56, so that when the slide 7 approaches the end of its backward movement the projection 56 moves the lever 54 and causes the pawl 55 to partly rotate the ratchet and cam, the latter moving the slide 44, chuck 39, and the work carried by the latter one step toward the workrest. Each progressive endwise movement of the work takes place just after a forward or acting movement of the grinder andv is sufiicient in extent to feed the portion ground or formed by the last acting movement of the grinder forward upon the work-rest, as indicated in Fig. 33, which shows a series of positions of the work caused by successive endwise movements` the dotted line indicating the path of the grinder.

When the machine is grinding a cylindrical driving-punch, the chuck 39 and the work are continuously rotated by suitable means, such as a belt running on a pulley 59, aflixed to the shaft 40, and the work is fed progressively endwise after each acting movement of the grinder. When, however, the machine is grinding a reamer having a square cross-section,the chuck and the Work are held stationary during each acting movement of the grinder and given a quarter of a complete rotation after each acting movement of the grinder and a progressive endwise movement after every fourth acting movement of the grinder, so thatafour-sided tapered end portion is formed on the work. Means are therefore provided for adapting the machine for either of the abovementioned kinds of work, and said means will be next described.

When the machine is grinding cylindrical driving-punches, only one of the projections 56 is utilized, that projection remaining in position to act on the ratchet-carrying lever 54 at every backward movement of the slide 7. Vhen the machine is grinding reamers, the different projections 56 of the series are made successively operative and inoperative by a step-by-step rotation of the hub on which they are formed, and a lever 60, Figs. 1 and 24, carrying a pawl 61, is thrown into position to cause the engagement of said pawl with a ratchet 62, aflixed to the chuck-shaft 40. The lever 60 is pivoted at 63 to a fixed arm 64, overhanging the slide 7, and is yieldingly held in the position shown in Fig. 24 by a spring 65, which holds a stud 66 on said lever against a stop-shoulder on the arm 64. The movements of the slide 7 cause an arm 67, affixed thereto, to raise the lever 60 and cause the pawl 61 to rotate the chuck step by step. The arm 67 has beveled faces 68, Fig. 3, at its Lipper end, while the lever 60 has beveled faces 69 at'its under side which coperate with the faces 68 in causing an upward movement of the lever 60 whenthe arm 67 moves under said lever. The arm 67 moves across the lever 60 at each movement of the slide 7, so that the ratchet 62 and the chuck receive two partial rotations during each reciprocation or forward and back movement of the slide. llhe ratchet has eight teeth and is therefore given a quarter of a complete rotation by each reciprocation of the slide. The arm 67 encounters the lever 60 during the forward movement of the slide after the grinder has acted on and left the work, the path of movement of the slide 7 being longer than the tapered end portion formed on the work, so that there is time for the described partial rotation or indexing movement of the chuck after the grinder has passed from the IOO outer end of the work. The arm 67 again encounters the lever 60 during the backward movement of the slide and completes the indexing movement, the grinder being retracted from the work during the backward movement of the slide by means hereinafter' described. The mechanism which feeds the work progressively endwise is operated only by every fourth backward movement of the slide 7, the work being' fed forward after the grinder has acted on four of its sides. This result is accomplished by imparting a stepby-step rotation to the series of projections 56 and so timing said rotation that one of the projections will be in position to act on the lever 54 only at the end of every fourth return movement of the slide 7. To this end a ratchet 70 is atlixed to the hub on which the projections 56 are formed, said hub and ratchet being mounted to rotate on a stud supported by an ear 71, afxed to the slide 7.

72 represents a pawl which is pivoted at 78, Fig. 19, to the lever 60 and is held yieldingly by a spring 74 in position to engage the ratchet 70 when the forward movement of the slide 7 causes the ratchet to encounter the pawl, as shown in Fig. 20. Each engagement of the ratchet with the pawl causes a partial rotation of the ratchet and the series of projections 56, the extent of such rotation being such that a projection 56 is in position to engage the lever 54 onlyT at the end of every fourth backM ward movement of the slide 7. l/Vhenthe slide next moves backwardly, the projection last in operative position has been displaced, the arrangement being such that the next projection 56 will not reach its operative position until the slide has made three more backward movements.

The lever 60, its pawls, the means for oscillating said lever, and the devices with which the pawls cooperate in giving the work-holder an intermittent or step-by-step rotation and Van intermittent or step-by-step longitudinal movement constitute a step-by-step mechanism operated by the grinder-operating mechanism.

To prevent the angles or cutting edgesof the reamer from being dulled by contact with the faces of the work-rest 45 when the work is being indexed, I provide means for separating the work from the rest during the indexing movement sufficiently to prevent the said edges from rubbing against the workrest. To this end the bearings 42 48 of the chuck-shaft are rigidly connected by a neck 75, Fig. 7, and the inner bearing 48 is pivoted at 76 to ears on avertical stud 77, which is adapted to turn in a socket in the slide 44. Provision is thus made for permitting the shaft 40 and the chuck to oscillate vertically, horizontally, and obliquely.

78, Fig. 22, represents a rest afiixed to an ear '79 on the slide 44, said rest beingobliquely arranged and having an angular recess 8() in its upper end. The chuck-shaft 40 has a squared portion resting in said recess, as shown in Fig. 22, and held therein by a spring 81. When the chuck-shaft 40 is turned to index the work, two of the angles of the squared portion of the shaft bear on the sides of the recess 8O and cause an oblique upward displacement of the shaft, the work being correspondingly displaced, and thus separated from the work-rest 45. At the completion of each indexing movement the squared portion of the chuck-shaft is seated against the sides of the recess 8O by the spring 81, and the work is at the same time seated on the faces 46 47 of the work-rest.

When the machine is to be used for grinding cylindrical driving-punches, the lever 60 is swung outwardly, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 24, to make the pawls 61 and 72 inoperative, and the rest 78 is moved outwardly to remove the sides of its recess 80 from contact with the squared portion of the chuckshaft, said rest having a longitudinal slot 84, which receives an attaching or clamping screw 85. I provide stop-screws 82 and 83, which are supported by the slide 44 and support the bearing 42. The support thus afforded prevents liability of breakage of the attenuated point of the driving-punch by the force of the spring 81 when the punch is being withdrawn from the work-rest after the grinding operation, the said stop-screws sustaining' the pressure of the spring and preventing it from being exerted injuriously on the punch when the point of the latter is leaving the work-rest.

Means are provided for reti-acting the grinder-carrying slide 5 during the backward movement of the slide 7 to move the grinder 2 backwardly in an oblique direction from the position shown by full lines in Fig. 26 to the position shown by dotted lines, the oblique backward movement of the grinder being indicated by the dotted line 86, Fig. 26. This movement enables the grinder to move backwardly behind the chuck 89. The contactpiece 83 has the same oblique movement, as indicated by the dotted line 87, Fig. 26. The said means comprise a bell-crank lever 88, Figs. 1 and 12, pivoted at 89 to the slide 7, a fixed arm on the base of the machine, the upper end of said arm projecting into the path of one of the arms of the lever 88 and a stud 91, carried by the slide 5 and entering a slot in the other arm of the lever 88. During the backward movement of the slide 7 one arm of the lever 88 strikes the fixed arm 90 and is moved from the position shown in Fig. 26 to that shown in Fig. l, thus causing a backward movement of the slide 5 against the stress of the spring 82. The said parts are relatively arranged to cause this backward movement of the slide when the grinder is in close proximity to the chuck, the oblique movement of the grinder being the result of the simultanel ous movement of the two slides, one moving TOO IOS

in a direction at a right angle to the direction of movement of the other. During the forward movement of the slide 7 the lever 88 leaves the fixed arm 90 and the spring' 32 then forces the slide 5 forward and restores the grinder to contact with the work.

92 represents a casing or guard which partially surrounds the grinder and prevents the scattering of the water which is supplied to the acting portion of the grinder and to the work by a pipe 920, Fig. 8, said pipe having a nozzle 93, arranged to direct a stream of water against thel grinder at the point where it is in contact with the work.

To compensate for the wear of the grinder, I provide means for adjusting the slide 5 in such manner as to move it and the grinder forward from time to time relatively to the contact-piece 33, the latter requiring practically no adjustment. The contact-piece 33 has a shank 94, Figs. 1 and 12, on which is loosely mounted a washer 95, Fig. 12, bearing against an ear 96, formed on the slide 7. r1`he rear end of said shank is screw-threaded and extends through an orifice in a fiange 97 on the slide 5 and is engaged with a nut 98, which is rotatable in a bearing in the flange 97cand is provided with an operating wheel or knob 99, by which it may be rotated. The spring 32, which projects the slide 5 and the grinder and contact-piece, as before described,

' is mounted on the shank 94 and interposed between the washer 95 and a washer 100, bearing against a shoulder on the shank. The ear 96, supporting the washer 95, is an abutment for the spring 32, so that said spring acts on the washer 100 to press the shank and contact-piece forward. The slide 5 is adjustably connected with the shank 94 by the nut 98. Hence the rotation of said nut in one direction causes a forward adjustment of the slide and grinder relatively to the contactpiece.

VMeans are employed for connecting the grinder-guard with the contact-piece 33 so that the guard and the nozzle 93 thereon remain in the same relative positions when the slide and grinder are adjusted, the object being to prevent the guard from being adjusted forwardly with the grinder. The adjustingnut 98 constitutes a part of said means and is provided with a gear 101, which is connected by an intermediate gear 102, Fig. 1, with a gear 103, affixed to a shaft 104, having ascrewthread engaged with a tapped socket in a slide 105, movable on guides formed on one edge of the slide 5, the wheel-guard 92 being afiixed to said slide. The rotation of the nut 98 is imparted by said gears to the shaft 104, which rotates in the same direction as the nut. The thread of the shaft 104 is so formed that the rotation of the nut in the direction required to forwardly adjust the slide 5 and the grinder causes the wheel-guard and the nozzle thereon to remain in the same position relatively to the contact-piece. Theguard-supporting slide 105 is provided with a slot 106, Fig. 9, receiving a confining-screw 107.

The former 35 and work-rest 45 are adjustable simultaneously to vary their Obliquity according to the length and degree of taper of the end portion 36 to be formed on the work. To this end the former 34 is secured to an arm 108, Figs. 1 and 16, mounted to oscillate on a fixed vertical stud 109, while the work-rest 45 is supported by a rock-shaft 110, mounted in a horizontal bearing'113, formed on an arm 115, which in turn is mounted to oscillate on a fixed vertical stud 114.

116 represents a vertical rock-shaft,to which are affixed two oppositely-projecting arms 117, connected by links 118 with the arms 108 and 115. To the rock-shaft 116 is afiixed an operating-handle 119, whereby the rock-shaft may be turned to simultaneously adjust the former and work-rest. Said handle moves over a fixed graduated scale 120, which may be marked, as shown in Fig. 1, to indicate the positions of the handle for different predetermined adjustments.

Means are provided for giving the workrest 45 an additional adjustment by turning the horizontal rock-shaft 110, which supports it, to' vary the inclination of the bottom face 46 of the work-rest. To the rock-shaft 110 is afxed an upwardly-projecting arm 121, the outer portion of which has a slot engaging an arm 122, affixed to a standard 123, rigidly secured to the fixed base of the machine. When the arm 115 is swung on the stud 114, t-he rockshaft 110 is turned in its bearing in said arm by the engagement of the arm 121 with the fixed stud 122.

The former 34 is preferably provided, in addition to the acting face 35, with another acting face 350 at its opposite edge, said faces being differently formed and adapted to be used interchangeablyby means 0f a stud 125, Fig. 4, journaled in the arm 108, and provided with a head 126, to which the former 34 is detachably secured. The stud 125 is vertically movable in the arm 108 and is yieldingly held down by a spring 127. Loose rotation of the stud-head and former are prevented by dowel-pins 128. When the former is to be reversed, it is lifted with the head and stud until the dowel-pins leave their sockets in the arm 108 and then given a half-rotation and allowed to drop into engagement with the arm. One of the said acting faces is to be used in forming a reamer, and the other in forming a driving-punch. In grinding the faces of a reamer the grinder must move in a slightly-different path from that in which Vit moves in grinding the tapered portion of a IOO IIO

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the work-feeding cam 5l, are interrupted at 129, Figs. 1 and 2, the interrupted portion being arranged to reach the pawl 55 when thel highest portion of the cam passes from and releases the stud 50 on the slide 44. The rotation of the cam 51, therefore, ceases when the slide is pressed back by the spring 49 to y bring' the stud 50 ag'ainst the lowest part of the cam.

The base of the machine is provided with a shelf or pan 130, located under the chuck, work-holder, and former, and provided with a raised rim and with a sloping' bottom. An outlet 131, Figs. 5 and 12, extends from the pan to a trough 132, which surrounds the base of the machine and communicates with a pipe 133, which conducts the liquid falling from the grinder into the pan to a receptacle from which the said liquid may be returned to the nozzle 93 hy a suitable pump. (Not shown.) The shelf 13() supports the former and workrest and the means for adjusting said parts. An extension 134, Figs. 5 and 21, is formed on the shelf 130 and supports the chuck-carrying slide 44 and the indexing' mechanism.

In Figs. 34, 35, and 36 I show a modification in which the shaft 300, carrying the grinder, is arranged vertically, or at a right angle with the axis of the work, and the axis of the work-holder is substantially tangential. to the periphery of the grinder, so that the periphery of the grinder moves lengthwise of the tapered end portion of the work instead of moving' across the said portion. In all other respects the construction of the machine is or may be the same as hereinbefore described.

It will be seen that the grinder moves in an oblique path at one side of the longitudinal center of the work and that the workrest is oblique both tothe path of the grinder and to the longitudinal center of the work, the Obliquity of the work-rest being opposite that of the path of the grinder. The work-rest therefore conforms to the tapered portion of the work throughout the grinding operation and supports all parts of said tapered portion against the pressure of the grinder. If the tapered portion were unsupported at the side opposite the grinder, it would spring or yield to the pressure of the grinder, particularly at its attenuated portion, and would not, therefore, be accurately ground. I consider it very important that the tapered portion be rigidly` supported from end to end not only to insure accuracy of grinding, but also to prevent liability of breakage.

For convenience I have hereinafter referred to the slide 5 as the wheel-head,

and to the slide 7 as the wheel-head slide. Having thus explained the nature of my invention and described a way of constructing and using the same, though without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all the modes of its use, what l claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is"

1. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder` means for rotatingthe same, a grinder, means for changing the relative positions of said parts in a direction which is oblique to the axis of the work-holder, to form a tapered end portion on the work, means for additionally changing the relative positions of the work and grinder to elongate said tapered portion, and means independent of the workholder for supporting the tapered portion against the pressure of the grinder.

2. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, means for rotating the same, a grinder, means for changing the relative positions of said parts in a direction which is oblique to the axis of the work-holder, to form a tapered end portion on the work, means for feeding' the work longitudinally to elongate said tapered portion, and means independent of the work-holder for supporting the tapered portion against the pressure of the grinder.

3. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, means for rotating the same, a grinder, means for changing the relative positions of said parts to form a tapered end portion on the work, and a rest conforming to said tapered portion. v

4. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, meansfor rotating it, a grinder, one of said parts being movable relatively to the other, a former or guide for directing' the acting` movement of the movable part in a predetermined path, to cause the formation of a tapered end portion on the work, means for feeding` the work longitudinally to elongate said tapered portion, and a work-rest conforming to the former and to the said tapered portion.

A grinding-machine comprising' a rotary work-holder, a grinder, one of said parts beingyieldingly pressed toward the other, means for changing the relative positions of said parts to cause a progressive action of the grinder on the work, aformer which controls the direction of said action, said former being oblique to the axis of the work-holder, and means independent of the work-holder for supporting the work against the pressure of the grinder.

6. A grhiding-machine comprising a rotary work-holder, a grinder yieldingly pressed toward the worl, a former which governs the path of the grinder, said former being oblique to the axis of the work-holder, and means independent of the work-holder for supporting the work against the pressure of the grinder.

7. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinder which moves in a curved oblique path at one side of the longitudinal center of the work, and a work-rest opposing the pressure of the grinder on the work.

8. A grinding-machine comprising' a workholder, a grinder which moves in a curved oblique path at one side of the longitudinal i center of the work, and a pressure-support- 4 ing' work-rest having' a curved face which is reversed relatively to the path of the grinder.

9. A g'rinding-machine comprising a rotatable work-holder, a g'rinder, a former which guides the grinder in an oblique path at one side of the longitudinal center of the work, a pressure-opposing' work-rest which is oblique to the center of the work and to the path of the grinder, and means for rotating' the workholder to cause the formation thereon of a tapered portion which conforms to the obliquity of the work-rest, and means for feeding' the work longitudinally to elongate said tapered portion.

10. A grinding-machine comprising arotatable and long'itudinally-movable Work-holder, a grinder, means for chang'ing the relative positions of said parts to form a tapered end portion on the work, a pressure-opposing' work-rest which conforms to said tapered portion, and means for automatically rotating' the work-holder step by step to cause the formation of a plurality of faces on said tapered portion.

11. Ag'rinding-machine comprising a rotary work-holder, a grinder, means for imparting to one of said parts a relative movement in a direction oblique to the axis of the work, to cause the formation of a tapered end portion on the work, and a work-rest conforming to said tapered portion and supporting' the work against the pressure of the grinder.

12. Ag'rinding-machinecomprisingaworkholder, a grinder, means for moving' the grinder obliquely with relation to the axis of the work, means for rotating' the work to cause the formation of a tapered portion on the work, and means for moving the work end wise to extend said tapered portion.

18. A g'rinding-machine comprising' a workholder, a g'rinder, means for moving the grinder obliquely with relation to the axis of the work, and automatic means for rotating the work step by step tocause the formation thereon of a tapered portion having' a plurality of faces.

111. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinder, means for changing the relative positions of said parts, and means for automatically rotating' the work, to cause the formation of a tapered portion, and a Workrest having' two faces each conforming to said tapered portion.

l 5. A grind ing-machine comprising' a workholder, agrinder, means for changing' the relative positions of said parts, and means for automatically rotating' the work step by step, to cause the formation of a tapered portion having a plurality of faces, a work-rest having faces conforming to two of the faces of said tapered portion, and means for laterally displacing' the work during its step-by-step movements, to prevent injury to the ang'les of the tapered portion.

16. A grinding-machine comprising a rotary work-holder, a grinder, means for imparting to one of said parts a relative movement in a direction oblique to the axis of the work-holder, to cause the formation of a tapered end portion on the work, means for varying the Obliquity of said movement to vary the taper of the work. a work-rest conforming to said tapered portion, and means for adjusting said work-rest to different tapers of work.

17. Agrinding-mac'hinecomprisingaworkholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism adapted to move the grinder lengthwise of the work, and to cause a yielding Contact between the grinder and the work, andv aformer or guide which causes the grinder to move in an oblique path relatively to the work.

18. A grinding-machine comprising' a workholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism adapted to move the grinder' lengthwise of the work, and to cause a yielding contact between the grinder and the work, an adjustable former or guide which causes the grinder to move in an oblique path, and means for adjusting the former to vary the Obliquity of the path of the grinder.

19. Ag'rinding-machinecomprising'aworkholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism adapted to move the grinder lengthwise of the work, and to cause a yielding' contact between the grinder and the work, an adjustable former or guide which causes the g'rinder to move in an oblique' path, and form a tapered portion on the work, an adjustable work-rest conforming to said tapered portion, and means for simultaneously adjusting' the said former and work-rest.

20. Agrinding-machinecomprisingaworkholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism having means for moving the grinder lengthwise of the work, and means for causing' a yielding contact between the grinder and the work, a contact-piece. which moves with the grinder, a former or guide which cooperates with said contact-piece in causing the grinder to move in an oblique path, and means for adjusting the grinder relatively to the contactpiece to compensate for wear of the grinder.

21. Agrinding-machine comprising'aworkholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism adapted to move the grinder lengthwise of the work and to cause a yielding contact between the grinder and the work, a watersupply pipe adjustably mounted relatively to the grinder, a contact-piece which moves with the grinder, a former or guide which coperates with said contact-piece in giving the grinder an oblique movement, and means for adjusting' the grinder relatively to the contact-piece and the water-supply pipe.

22. A grinding-machine comprising' a workholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechan- ITS of the work and to cause a yielding contact between the grinder and the work, a grinderguard adjustably mounted relatively to the grinder, a contact-piece which moves with the grinder, a former or guide which cooperates with said contact-piece in giving' the grinder an oblique movement, and means for adjusting the grinder relatively to the contact-piece and guard.

Q3. Agrinding-machine comprisinga workholder, a grinder, grinder-operating mechanism adapted to move the grinder lengthwise of the work and to cause a yielding contact between the grinder and the work, a former which guides the grinder obliquely during its forward movement, and means for retracting the grinder during its backward movement to cause it to clear the work-holder.

24. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed base, a work holder supported thereby, a wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base in a path parallel with the work, a wheel-head yieldingly projected on the slide toward the work, a grinding-wheel supported by the head, and an oblique former or guide supported by the base and sustaining the forward pressure of the wheel-head.

25. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed base, a work-holder supported thereby, a wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base in a path parallel with the work, a wheel-head yieldingly projected on the slide toward the work, a grinding-wheel supported by the wheel-head, an oblique former or guide supported by the base and sustaining the forward pressure of the wheel-head, a bell-crank lever pivoted to the slide and having an arm connected with the wheel-head, and a fixed arm with which the other arm of said lever coperates in retracting the wheel-head.

,26. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed A base, a work-holder supported thereby, a

wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base in a path parallel with the work, a wheel-head movable on the slide toward the work, a grinding-wheel supported by the wheel-head, a contact-piece having a shank supported in bearings in the wheel-head, an adjustable connection between the shank and the wheel-head, and a spring which acts through the shank to yieldingly project the shank and wheel-head toward the work.

27. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed base, a work holder supported thereby, a wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base in a path parallel with the work, a wheel-head movable on the slide toward the work, a grinding-wheel supported by the wheel-head, a contact-piece having' a shank supported in bearings in the wheel-head, and having a screwthreaded portion, an adjusting-nut journaled on the wheel-head and engaged with lthe shank, a grinder-guard adjustably mounted on the wheel-head, a screw engaged with the guard,

and gearing connecting the shank-adjusting nut with the said screw.

28. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed base, grinder-operating mechanism including a wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base, a wheel-head yieldinglyprojected on the slide, and a grinding-wheel supported by the head, means for guiding the head and grindingwheel in an oblique path, a work-holder movable longitudinally on the base, and means operated by the grinder-operating mechanism for imparting a step-by-step endwise move-- ment to the work-holder.

29. A grinding-machine comprising a fixed base, a work-holder supported thereby and movable longitudinally thereon, a wheel-head slide reciprocated on the base in a path parallel with the path of movement of the workholder, a wheel-head yieldingly projected on the slide toward the work-holder, a grindingwheel supported by the head, means for guiding the head and wheel in an oblique path, a rotary cam supported by the base and engaged with the work-holder, the latter being pressed yieldingly toward the cam, and means operated through the slide for rotating said cam step by step to advance the work-holder.

. 30. A grinding-machine comprisinga workholder, a grinder, operating' mechanism for reciprocating and vieldingly projecting one of said parts relatively to the other, means for guiding the reciprocating part to cause the grinder to act on a line which is oblique to the longitudinal center of the work, and means actuated by said operating mechanism for rotating the Work-holder to cause the formation by the grinder of a tapered surface on the work and for moving the work-holder longitudinally step by step to elongate said surface.

31. A grinding-machine comprising a workholder, a grinder, operating mechanism for reciprocating and yieldingly projecting one of said parts relatively to the other, means for guiding the reciprocating part to cause the grinder to act on a line which is oblique to the longitudinal center of the work, stepby-step mechanism for rotating the workholder intermittently to cause the formation holder, a wheel-head yieldingly projected on the said slide toward the work-holder, a grinding-w heel supported by the Wheel-head, means for guiding the wheel and head in an oblique IOO IIO

ISO

path, a lever pivoted to a fixed support and overhanging the slide, pawls carried by said lever, one of said pawls engaging a ratchet on the work-holder, a rotary hub mounted on the slide and having a ratchet and a series of arms or projections, said ratchet being engaged with the other lever-pawl, means for oscillating said lever to cause a step-by-step rotation of the work-holder, and of 'the hub and its projections, and means operated by said projections for moving the work-holder forward step by step.

33. Agrinding-machinecomprisingarotary grinding-wheel, and a rotary work-holder having an axis which is substantially tangential to the periphery of the wheel, so that the acting portion of the periphery ofthe wheel moves lengthwise of the work and forms a tapered end portion thereon.

34. A grinding-machine comprising a Workholder, a grinder, operating mechanism for reciprocating and yieldingly projecting one of said parts relatively to the other, means for guiding the reciprocating part to cause the grinder to act on a line which is oblique to the longitudinal center of the work, a universallymovable support for the work-holder, a workrest adjacent to the work-holder, means for yieldingly holding the work-holder with the work in operative relation to the rest, and means for preventing excessive pressure of the work against the work-rest.

35. Agrinding-machinecomprisingarotary work-holder, a grinder, means for automatically changing' the relative positions of said parts in a direction oblique to the axis of the work-holder, to form a tapered end portion on a tool such as a reamer or a driving-punch, and means for supporting said tapered portion against the pressure of the grinder.

36. A grinding-machine comprisingaworkholder, a grinder, means for automatically changing the relative positions of said parts to form a tapered end portion on a tool such as a reamer or a driving-punch, and a work-rest conforming to said tapered portion.

37. A grinding-machine comprisingagrinder, a work-holder, means for relatively moving the grinder and work-holder to cause the grinder to reduce the work on a line which is oblique to the axis of the latter, a work-rest which is oblique to the said line and is in contour the reverse thereof, means for rotating the workholder, and means for moving the Work-holder longitudinally to project the work endwise and cause each acting movement of the grinder to remove a chip from the tapered part of the work.

38. Agrinding-machinecomprisingagrinder which moves in a predetermined path, a work-rest having' a supporting-face which is oblique to said path and is in contour the reverse thereof, a rotary work-support which holds the axis of the work equidistant from the path of the grinder and the work-rest, means for rotating the work-holder, and means for moving the work-holder longitudinally to project the Work endwise into the path of the grinder and cause each forward movement of the latter to remove a chip from a tapered portion of the work.

39. Agrinding-machine comprisingarotary grinding- Wheel, a work-holder, means for changing' the relative positions of said parts, and a former `adapted to direct the wheel in grinding a punch, said former being also adapted to direct the wheel in grinding a reamer whose diagonal section is of the same shape as the diametrical longitudinal section of the punch.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES A. HORTON.

Witnesses:

C. F. BROWN, L. BATCHELDER. 

